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・ Frederick Sylvester North Douglas
・ Frederick Szarvasy
・ Frederick T Callcott
・ Frederick T. Attenborough
・ Frederick T. B. Young
・ Frederick T. Fraunfelder
・ Frederick T. Haneman
・ Frederick T. Kemper
・ Frederick T. Melges
・ Frederick T. Moore, Jr.
・ Frederick T. van Beuren, Jr.
・ Frederick T. Weber
・ Frederick T. West
・ Frederick T. Woodman
・ Frederick Talbot
Frederick Tansley Munnings
・ Frederick Tate
・ Frederick Tate (disambiguation)
・ Frederick Tatham
・ Frederick Tayler
・ Frederick Taylor (cricketer)
・ Frederick Taylor (historian)
・ Frederick Taylor Gates
・ Frederick Taylor University
・ Frederick Tees
・ Frederick Temple
・ Frederick Templeton Manheim Kissel
・ Frederick Tennyson
・ Frederick Tennyson Congdon
・ Frederick Terman


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Frederick Tansley Munnings : ウィキペディア英語版
Frederick Tansley Munnings
Frederick Tansley Munnings (born 1875, Lowestoft)〔("A Varied Career." South Australian Register, March 15, 1923, p. 12. )〕 was a 20th-century British spiritualist medium and former burglar. He was exposed as a fraud.
Munnings lived in Hastings and worked as a boarding-house keeper. He was convicted of burglary for housebreaking at Woking and was sentenced to nine months' imprisonment.〔Justice of the Peace. (1923). Volume 87. Henry Shaw. p. 8〕〔("A Varied Career." South Australian Register, March 15, 1923, p. 12. )〕 Munnings claimed to be a "direct voice" medium, however, he was exposed as a fraud when one of his séance sitters turned the lights on which revealed him to be holding a trumpet by means of a telescopic extension piece and using an angle piece to change the auditory effect of his voice.〔Julian Franklyn. (2003). ''A Survey of the Occult''. pp. 238-239. Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 978-0766130074〕
In February 1926 a public warning against Munnings was issued in the press by Arthur Conan Doyle, Abraham Wallace, R. H. Saunders, and H. D. Bradley.〔(Frederick Tansley Munnings )〕 The psychical researcher Harry Price also exposed his fraudulent mediumship. Munnings claimed to produce the independent "spirit" voices of Julius Caesar, Dan Leno, Hawley Harvey Crippen and King Henry VIII. Price invented and used a piece of apparatus known as a voice control recorder and proved that all the voices were those of Munnings. Munnings admitted fraud and sold his confessions to a Sunday newspaper.〔Harry Price. (1939). Chapter ''The Mechanics of Spiritualism'' in ''Fifty Years of Psychical Research.'' Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 978-0766142428〕
Munnings's daughter Hilda Tansley Munnings became a noted ballerina under the name Lydia Sokolova.
==References==


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